Ukomisa amandla ehlabathi, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu bomhlaba, ukugcinwa kwamandla oluntu kunye nokuqonda ukukhuselwa kwendalo kuqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nengqikelelo yogcino lwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ishishini le-LED liyakhula, kwihlabathi liphela, ngoko ke imboni ye-LED ibonakala ilukhanyiso lwehlabathi. ishishini umsindisi, oorhulumente bomhlaba eYurophu kunye United States phantsi ukubhideka yentlekele yemali ngokungathi amashishini afunyenwe, indlela elungileyo yokuphucula izinga lengqesho, iTshayina lilizwe elibhiyozelayo, wacinga ekugqibeleni wafumana uChris ubuhle, ithuba elikhulu ukudala iteknoloji ekumgangatho wehlabathi, yonke iteknoloji, imboni yokukhanyisa ixakeke ebizwa ngokuba yinkxaso-mali karhulumente, inkxaso, inkxaso-mali yoshishino lwe-LED, intiyo ingabi ubusuku bonke kwisibane se-LED ukuba sithathe indawo kuyo nayiphi na ikona yehlabathi, ngoko nangoko ukuthoba amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kabini, ngakumbi kwinkalo yamashishini ahlukeneyo aseTshayina intiyo ayinakwabelwa kubo bonke abafunjwe kushishino lwe-LED ngokokubizwa ngokuba ziibhiliyoni ezingama-500 okanye iitriliyoni zeedola “zekeyiki enkulu”.
Kodwa ngaba oku kunjalo ngokwenene? Itekhnoloji yethu yokukhanyisa i-LED ifikelele ngobusuku inokutshintsha onke amanqanaba okukhanya? Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwinqanaba lehlabathi kwaye inqanaba lasekhaya kulo mmandla linjani imeko?
A, iYurophu,
Imarike: abantu baseYurophu ukwazi ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuqola ngakumbi, ukwamkelwa kwemveliso yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo kuphezulu, kwaye i-European Union yayicetyiswe ekuqaleni ukupheliswa kwesibane sokukhanya somthetho ofanelekileyo sele kuqalile, oorhulumente kwinkalo yesicelo. izibane zokugcina amandla kunye nezibane ze-LED ziye zazisa inkqubo yenkxaso-mali (inkxaso-mali kwixabiso lemveliso ye-30% ~ 55%), ngoko ke kwintsimi yehlabathi, imarike yaseYurophu kwizicelo zokukhanyisa i-LED yokuthandwa kunye neTuiGuangLv iphezulu, yangoku kwamanye amazwe amakhulu aseYurophu sele ineentengiso ezinkulu zevenkile engaphantsi kwe-10 w iglowubhu ye-LED kunye neemveliso zesibane, ukukhanya kwaseYurophu kweephilips kunye nokukhanya kwezibane ze-osram eFrankfurt ngo-2010 kwisicelo esikhulu kwimveliso yayo yochungechunge, kwaye yaqala ukwakhiwa nokukhuthaza. yamajelo emarike.
Itekhnoloji: ngenxa yokuba amazwe e-eu ekuqulunqeni imigangatho edityanisiweyo rhoqo ngenxa yeminqweno eyahlukeneyo kunye nesiqalo, kubangela inkqubo eninzi kunye nokulinganisa okunobuvila noko, ukufikelela kwimarike yaseYurophu kwimigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nomda wobugcisa kukhululekile, i-CE yokukhanya okuqinileyo. (SSL) iteknoloji yokuhlaziya uyilo ukuya kuninzi lwereferensi kwezinye iimfuno zobugcisa zomthombo wokukhanya wendabuko, ayinalo utshintsho olukhulu.
Ishishini: njengoko iiphilips ezinkulu zokukhanyisa zemveli zaseYurophu kunye ne-osram iqale kwiminyaka engama-2000 eyadlulayo okanye ityale imali kakhulu kwisiseko sophando lwetekhnoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED, kubandakanya i-osram kwi-LED emhlophe enezinto ezikhanyayo sele ikhokele, kodwa i-osram kwiminyaka yakutshanje ithengiswe kwintengiso yentengiso. i-encapsulation ye-white bead yokukhanya e-Indonesia, kwintsimi yemveliso yokukhanyisa ngokubanzi iintlobo zokukhuthaza ngokunqabileyo, kwaye ngokukodwa kugxininiswe kwisibane sebhola yebhola yangaphakathi kunye nesibane semodyuli yokukhuthaza iklasi; Philips iye iinzuzo, kunye nenkunzi yayo entsimini yesicelo LED kuqala ukuthenga American lumileds inkampani iingenelo zobugcisa kunye nezinye izikimu, kwiteknoloji engundoqo kunye patent ezinxulumene emva kwemigodi kwimarike yelizwe China kunye nokukhangela umgangatho ophezulu amashishini Foundry ukwenza imveliso OEM for. kuye, kunye nemigangatho engqongqo kakhulu kunye neeodolo ezinkulu ze-OEM ezicinezelweyo njengesithiyelo sokwandisa inzuzo yeshishini.
Uhlalutyo olulolunye: iiphilips kunye nokunyuswa kwe-osram kwintsimi yokukhanyisa kwe-LED kuya kugxininiswa kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika kwi-2012 kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-Wolf kumashishini e-Foundry ngokusebenzisa i-China yelizwe emva kwe-2012 ukungena kwimarike yase-Asia, kunye namava aqokelelweyo e-China. intsimi yetekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo ukuze bafumane inzuzo.
Okwesibini, eMelika
Imarike: ngenxa yempembelelo yeengxaki zemali, abantu baseMelika baqala ukuthabatha i-calculator haggle phezu kwayo yonke i-ounce yeendleko zayo, kuba ubunyani bexabiso buphezulu kunokukhanya kwendabuko, iimveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED bezisoloko zinesisa saseMelika kwaye sibone, ngoko ke kwimarike nganye enkulu kunye nevenkile enkulu okwexeshana kwakhona awukwazi ukubona i-LED isicelo sokukhanyisa iimveliso kwiivenkile kunye nenkuthazo isikali esikhulu, ngamaxesha athile ungabona nje ezinye ombane eliphantsi isibane kunye neemveliso zokukhanya ebusuku ezincinci.
Itekhnoloji: abantu baseMelika bangqongqo kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ekufikeleleni kwimarike, ukongeza kumgangatho weenkwenkwezi zamandla, isibane somgangatho oqinileyo we-UL siyayilwa kwaye siphuhliswe, kodwa sihamba kunye neminye imigangatho yokufikelela nayo iphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nothethathethwano, ngelixa Iimveliso zesicelo se-LED ziseYurophu kunye ne-United States yenza inkampani ye-chip ibe yinto ethandwayo, enkulu ngokukhawuleza yawela kwimarike yabathengi behlabathi, kodwa ngenxa yentlawulo yesatifikethi se-UL iyabiza kwaye inzima, imarike yokukhanya ye-LED eqinile eMantla. Imakethi yaseMelika iqale ngenene uqikelelo luyakuba semva kowama-2012.
Enterprise: eUnited States CREE, lumileds, iinkampani ezifana bridgELux LED iqela lamashishini imveliso chip LED babambe ngokuqinileyo itekhnoloji engundoqo LED chip isisidenge ehlabathini lonke itekhnoloji ye-LED iye ngokupheleleyo ingathatha indawo yokukhanyisa yemveli, umzi-mveliso we ihlabathi-China, ukuqalisa isicelo iimveliso zophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nemveliso, sifuna iimveliso zakho, i-US intengiso isandla sabo ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-70% yenzuzo margin traction phakathi kunye nokufikelela ezantsi inani elikhulu lesicelo corporation ukuthenga iimveliso zabo. , kwelinye icala, umbutho okhokelayo wombutho okanye umanyano usebenze nokuba awabo akanakuhlangabezana nomgangatho wobugcisa bemveliso, ishishini lemveliso kwilizwe laseTshayina njengobuchwephesha babo obungekavuthwa bokubonisa umhlaba.
Uhlalutyo olulolunye: abantu baseMelika kwinkalo yetekhnoloji ye-LED njengenqanaba lesibini, kodwa ukunyuswa kweshishini laseMelika kukumgangatho wehlabathi ngokupheleleyo, i-nakamura evela kwinkampani yeCREE ibeke ezi zimbini ukusuka eJapan ukuya eUnited States ziyabona ukuba ziphuma, abantu baseMelika njengengwe elambileyo, ishishini LED, uya kuzigcina akukho nzame ukusebenzisa amandla abo kunye nobunkokeli imarike ngokuqinileyo kulawulo lwetsheyini yoshishino lwekhonkco eliphezulu, isetyenziselwa ukubamba into ebizwa ngokuba uninzi $500 billion ikeyiki market.
Ezintathu, eAsia, eJapan, eMzantsi Korea naseTaiwan
Imarike: Ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-LED blu-ray ubuchwepheshe bungamaJapan kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, ngoko uluntu lwaseJapan lwezicelo zezibane ze-LED lunomnqweno ophakamileyo wehlabathi, ke imarike yaseJapan yenkxaso yesicelo se-LED inkulu kakhulu, kwaye yomelele. amanqaku eemveliso ze-LED kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isicwangciso sikarhulumente, iimveliso ze-LED ekukhuleni kweentengiso zaseJapan ziye zahamba phambili kwamanye amazwe; Kwimimandla yaseMzantsi Korea kunye neTaiwan enemveliso ye-semiconductor esele ikhulile kunye neteknoloji ye-r & d, ngoku kwi-70% yokwenziwa kwe-chip ye-LED ephezulu yehlabathi kwenziwa kule ndawo, kunye neJapan, ummi, i-osram, i-American bridgelux, i-semiled phantse ininzi yazo. zimveliso OEM eTaiwan.
Itekhnoloji: ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iJapan ibambe itekhnoloji yokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-LED, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-phosphor itekhnoloji esetyenziswa ekupakelweni, kodwa ngenxa yokuvalwa kwetekhnoloji yaseJapan, abantu baseTshayina bafumana itekhnoloji kunye neemveliso ze-ErSanLiu. ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe ukuvelisa iimveliso ngalo lonke ixesha ukujongana nomngcipheko wamabango okunyhashwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Ngelixa urhulumente wasezantsi waseKorea exhasa amandla okuthenga kwakhe ngokukhawuleza iinkampani zehlabathi ezifana ne-samsung kunye ne-LG backlit LED chips, i-chip ye-LED eyenziwe ngumntu iphuma kwisitokhwe okanye ukunyuka kwexabiso.
Ishishini: kwitekhnoloji ye-LED ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwi-encapsulate kunye nokusetyenziswa kweshishini kunokuthi isiJapan, isiKorea, iTaiwan lelinye lamashishini amakhulu, yiJapan kuphela eJapan, iToyota, imboni yeekhemikhali zemitsubishi iLED ngamashishini ane-chip yeklasi yokuqala, iphosphor kunye nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, ummi waseJapan, ubukhali, i-Samsung, i-LG ithathele ingqalelo iimveliso zokupakisha ezifana nemarike ephezulu, ngelixa i-Taiwan wafer, ukukhanya, iinkampani ezininzi ezifana ne-force, i-lite-on yaba yisiseko esikhulu se-OEM ehlabathini.
Uhlalutyo olulolunye: IJapan kunye neSouth Korea zinesiseko esihle sobugcisa kunye namandla karhulumente ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemarike, i-LED eyaphukileyo yekhekhe, baya kuba njengeqela leedyakalashe, balandele ngokusondeleyo isantya senzuzo yoshishino lokwahlula kwiindawo eziphezulu. ekupheleni, waphosa iimveliso ErSanLiu kunye nobuchwepheshe kwimarike Chinese, China ufuna ukuphanga? Ubunzima obuqikelelweyo bukhulu.
Okwesine, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso kwilizwe laseTshayina
Okwangoku, ngokunyuka kogcino lwamandla kunye noxinzelelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ngaphambi nangemva kwe-2007, urhulumente waseTshayina uqalise imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kunye nemilinganiselo yoshishino lwe-LED. Ngoku unobungakanani bobungakanani okanye sele uza kuba nabavelisi be-chip abaphezulu abaphakathi kwe-30, kunye neemveliso ze-encapsulation eziphakathi njengeqela eliphambili loshishino kwi-pearl river delta kunye ne-Yangtze river delta kummandla, imveliso yayo. Ibalelwa kwi-60% yemveliso yehlabathi iyonke, imveliso yesicelo sesiphelo esisezantsi sikhulu ngakumbi, kunye noqikelelo lwe-LED encapsulation kunye nokusetyenziswa, amashishini amakhulu namancinci kwindawo ye-shenzhen afikelela phantse kuma-3000.
Ngokulahlekisa ngakumbi umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, ukukhuthazwa kotyalo-mali lwelizwe kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkunzi ye-coxcombical ethos, kunye namashishini amakhulu karhulumente, iinkampani ezidweliswe, i-venture capital, kwaye zinemali kumphathi, iinkampani ze-LED ngoku zibonisa i-blustery, i-wave wave phezu kwamaza. umfutho olomeleleyo kunye nengqalelo kushishino kunye ingqalelo kancinane kwinto ebizwa ngokuba “nkulu” ukuseka ilizwe lonke, kwaye lonke ihlabathi photovoltaic ipaki yoshishino kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo ubuncinane abaninzi kangangoko 50, yintoni na ngaphezulu, nokuba abanye inqanaba ezintathu 4 counties kunye nezixeko kuthiwa ukwakha ipaki yoshishino photovoltaic inkulu ehlabathini.
Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, asiyazi le nto ibizwa ngokuba “yiyona ndawo inkulu” yeshishini, sinexhala malunga nesiphumo solu gqatso yi-resin cross field. Ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso olukhohlakeleyo, ekugqibeleni luya kuba ngumsebenzi omkhulu, izinto eziphathekayo, kungekhona kuphela ukuphela kwenkunkuma yemithombo, umhlaba kwaye usasazwe kwi-hubbub, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukusuka kulowo ophumelele umlo egazini unokumbamba ngokulula ngesigebenga sokukhanyisa ngamazwe. okanye i-capital yamazwe ngamazwe, imboni ye-LED ekugqibeleni yenza kwabanye i-JiaYiChang ihlala ibonakala.
Thatha idolophu yasezhongshan guzhen, umzekelo: nangona ukuwa kwe-2008 yeengxaki zemali zamazwe ngamazwe kwakhokelela ekubhaptizweni kwe-guzhen lighting industry, kodwa ngenxa yemarike yabathengi ephantsi eChina, idolophu yasezhongshan guzhen isavutha ngoku, umfutho wentengiso ungaphulukani nomnxeba wakhe. Njengoko imboni yezibane ze-LED, idolophu ibonakala ingeniswe kuphuhliso olukhulu lwe "spring", urhulumente wasekhaya wamabhongo kunye nenkomfa yenkomfa yesizwe ye-semiconductor kunye nobudlelwane, ithemba ngoncedo lwe-semiconductor yokukhanyisa i-dongfeng ukudala ukukhanya kwe-LED yehlabathi jikelele. imakethi kunye neshishini agglomeration.
Khawufane ucinge, ngoku kwishishini ledolophu yamandulo lidume igama elithi "akukho bhetele (umgangatho), kuphela ixabiso eliphantsi ()". "Yasilela ukubonakala ngenxa yeemveliso ezinxulumene kazwelonke zemigangatho emanyeneyo kunye nokufikelela kwimarike engqongqo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo, kwishishini elibonakala liyi-chaoyang le-LED alikaqalisi, libeke ishishini alihlambulukanga, iimveliso ezenziweyo, ukusebenza azinzile, kubangele kakhulu. impembelelo embi engqondweni yabathengi, kwabo bafuna ngokwenene ukwenza imveliso egqibeleleyo, bagxininise kubuchwephesha, iinkampani ezisemgangathweni ziyasokola ukuphila.
Uhlalutyo olulolunye: amashishini e-LED yaseTshayina ngoku njengoko endle adle ukuba aphephe iqela leegusha engceni, usoloko ucinga ukuba ingca inkulu ngokwaneleyo, ingadla into oyenzayo, kodwa olu khuphiswano olungalungelelananga ixesha elide kangakanani? Emva komlo okrakra omnye komnye sisiphumo somdiliya ngenxa okanye emva kokukhula nzima izigebenga zokukhanyisa zamazwe ngamazwe egameni lekhontrakthi okanye uthenge ngokuthe ngcembe.
Hero, sibiza amashishini ulangazelela "ummangaliso", kodwa iphupha kufuneka yakhelwe phezu steadfast wenze kakuhle kumgangatho wemveliso kwaye sinikele ingqalelo kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuya phi, musa ukuhamba yokwazisa brand ishishini akukho elide. ixesha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-10-2016